特雷沃·平诺克

1946年生于英国坎特伯雷。自幼进入坎特伯雷教堂唱诗班，饱受音乐传统熏陶。1963-1967年间入皇家音乐学院深造，主修羽管键琴和管风琴，均以优异成绩获得奖学金。1966-1972年间他自组了Galliard三重奏团（包括长笛、大提琴和大键琴三件乐器），这个以17、18世纪欧洲宫廷舞蹈命名的团体演奏也以那一时期的作品为主。此后的平诺克，迅速在大键琴领域崛起，他频频登台，或独奏或重奏或与大乐队交相辉映，还随著名的圣马丁学院管弦乐团到欧洲演出。其精湛的琴技远近闻名，很快跃居英国大键琴界的第一把交椅。

古往今来，音乐中的各种“主义”往往都是针对音乐的创作而言，像人们熟知的“古典主义”、“浪漫主义”、“印象主义”、“表现主义”以及“新古典主义”等等。然而，本世纪60年代兴起的“原本主义（也称为“本真主义”）”,却是直接针对音乐实践而言的。这是一股返朴归真的演奏风潮，风潮之下，巴罗克音乐得以复兴， 维瓦尔第们再次走红，一批批早已被历史埋没的音乐古董纷纷面世和出笼。而演奏上：乐谱要讲究用未经后人修订的原手稿，乐器要用几百年前的古乐器，连演奏或录音的场地，也是或教堂或古堡的越原始越好。于是，人们从悠悠的古韵中觅得了阵阵旧而好的新感觉。特雷沃·平诺克便是营造这派古韵风潮中的佼佼者。

七十年代初期，英国的古乐器演奏风潮正兴，平诺克看准这一契机，于1973年联合一群有志从事古乐器演奏的年轻乐手组建了英国协奏团，自任指挥兼羽管键琴手，仍然以演绎17、18世纪的巴罗克音乐和早期古典时期 音乐作品为主。更难能可贵的是，他们得到伦敦著名的维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆的支持，得以使用这两家博物馆多年珍藏的古乐器。适逢这一年英国隆重举办 巴赫音乐节，平诺克和他的乐团在音乐街上崭露头角，即使是苛刻的英国乐评界也给给予他们相当的好评，从此逐渐奠定了平诺克和英国音乐会乐团在巴罗克音乐演绎方面的权威地位。作为一名羽管键琴家，他经常通过键盘指挥他的乐队（这种方式对于早期音乐的演绎是常见的），使他能够运用精密的低音线条把乐队的演奏紧紧凝聚在一起，显示出严整的构筑力。

和当代其它的古乐器演奏团不同，平诺克手下的这支古乐团只演奏18世纪以前、特别是巴罗克时代的作品，追求的是旧瓶老旧式的原汁原味。而同样是古乐团， 加迪纳的革命与浪漫管弦乐团不仅回朔前古典的拉莫、 巴赫、 亨德尔，还观瞻晚近的 柏辽兹、马勒、 德沃夏克，这旧瓶里面新旧兼收，也就多了几种不同的颜色。至于诺灵顿的伦敦古典 演奏家乐团，则主要演奏 贝多芬以后的作品，这又该是“旧瓶装新酒”的音乐风味。

作为英国协奏团的灵魂和指挥，平诺克坚持“原本”的真实和演奏风格的纯正。对所演奏的每部作品，从乐谱到与其相关的各种文献进行认真的研究和考证，以求揭开尘封，获得其音乐上的真髓。20多年来，这支古乐团从小到大、不断发展，除每年定期到欧美及亚洲等地举行的音乐会外，还经常在许多世界著名的音乐节上登台。像雪斯 维格—霍斯坦音乐节、圣西西里亚音乐节、爱丁堡音乐节等。1988年，乐团在萨尔茨堡音乐节上演出 亨德尔的《弥赛亚》，受到好评。此后，便成为该音乐节的常客。而平诺克本人除主盟自己的古乐团之外，也涉足歌剧或客座于其它的乐团。1988年，他首次在纽约大都会歌剧院指挥亨德乐的《弥赛亚》。近年，与英美各大交响乐团也多有合作。1991年，他又出任加拿大国家艺术中心的音乐总监和首席指挥。

巴赫 6首勃兰登堡协奏曲

Archiv Produktion 423 492-2

巴赫 4首管弦乐组曲

Archiv Produktion 439 780-2

巴赫 歌德堡变奏曲

Archiv Produktion 415 130-2

巴赫 古钢琴协奏曲

Archiv Produktion 447 709-2

科雷里 大协奏曲Op.6

Archiv Produktion 423 626-2

亨德尔 大协奏曲Op.3

Archiv Produktion 423 149-2

亨德尔 大协奏曲Op.6

Archiv Produktion 410 897-2

亨德尔 水上音乐

Archiv Produktion 410 525-2

维瓦尔第 四季

Archiv Produktion 400 045-2

( Solo harpsichord )

By composer

J. S. Bach: toccatas 910 & 912, prelude and fugue in A minor BWV 894, fantasia in C minor BWV 906, chromatic fantasia and fugue BWV 903 (1978)

J. S. Bach: toccatas 911, 913-916 (1977)

J. S. Bach: Partitas for harpsichord BWV 825-830 (1985)

J. S. Bach: Partitas for harpsichord BWV 825-830, Hänssler Classics (1998-1999)

J. S. Bach: Goldberg Variations BWV 988 (1980)

J. S. Bach: Italian Concerto BWV 971, concerto after Vivaldi (op.3 no.9) BWV 972 and French Overture BWV 831 (1979)

J. S. Bach: French suite no.5 BWV 816, English suite no.3 BWV 808, chromatic fantasia and fugue BWV 903 and preludes and fugues BWV 846, 876, 881 from The Well-Tempered Clavier (1992)

Handel: harpsichord suites and chaconne HWV 434, 441, 436, 438, 435

Rameau: Complete harpsichord works, CRD records

Rameau: Les Cyclopes (Suites in A minor and E minor), Avie records (2005)

Scarlatti: Sonatas Kk. 46, 87, 95, 99, 124, 201, 204a, 490, 491, 492, 513, 520, 521; CRD

Scarlatti: Sonatas Kk. 460, 461, 478, 479, 502, 516, 517, 518, 519, 529, 544, 545, 546, 547 (1986)

Gibbons: The Woods so Wild (Vanguard 72021)

Collections

16th Century English Keyboard Music, CRD (1976) (1977)

A Choice Collection of Lessons and Ayres (17th and 18th Century English Keyboard Music), CRD

at the Victoria and Albert Museum, CRD (1974)

The Harmonious Blacksmith: Favourite Harpsichord Works (1983)

（Harpsichord concertos）：

J. S. Bach: harpsichord concertos BWV 1052-1058, concertos for 2, 3 and 4 harpsichords 1060-1065 (Kenneth Gilbert, Lars Ulrik Mortensen and Nicholas Kraemer, harpsichords 2-4) (1979-1981)

J. S. Bach: concerto for harpsichord, violin and flute BWV 1044 (on the recording 3 concerti) (1984)

J. S. Bach: Brandenburg concerto no.5 BWV 1050 (on his two recordings of the Brandenburg concertos) (1982 and 2006)

Sons of Bach harpsichord concertos: C. P. E. Bach: Wq.14, Wq.43; J. C. Bach/Mozart: concerto in D major; CRD (1974)

Arne: Harpsichord concerto no.5 in G minor (on A Grand Concert of Musick) (1979)

Haydn: Concerto for Harpsichord and Orchestra Hob. XVIII:11 (on Haydn: concertos and Pachelbel: Canon and Gigue) (1985)

Leigh: Concertino for Harpsichord and String Orchestra with Nicholas Braithwaite conducting the London Philharmonic Orchestra; he also plays in Leigh’s Midsummer Night’s Dream suite; Lyrita records (1980)

Poulenc: Concert champêtre with Seiji Ozawa conducting the Boston Symphony Orchestra (live recording), Deutsche Grammophon (1991)

（Chamber music）：

J. C. Bach: 3 Quintets, Sextet (also playing fortepiano and square piano) with members of The English Concert (1988)

J. S. Bach: sonatas for flute and harpsichord BWV 1030-1032 with Stephen Preston (baroque flute) and sonatas for flute and continuo BWV 1033-1035 with the addition of Jordi Savall (viola da gamba), CRD

J. S. Bach: sonatas for flute and harpsichord BWV 1020, 1030-1032 with Jean-Pierre Rampal (modern flute) and sonatas for flute and continuo BWV 1033-1035 with the addition of Roland Pidoux (cello), CBS Records (1985)

J. S. Bach: sonatas for violin and harpsichord BWV 1014-1019 with Rachel Podger (violin) and BWV 1019a and the sonatas for violin and continuo BWV 1021, 1023 with the addition of Jonathan Manson (viola da gamba), Channel Classics (2000)

J. S. Bach: sonatas for viola da gamba and harpsichord BWV 1027-1029, 1030b (an early version of the flute sonata) with Jonathan Manson, Avie (2006)

Corelli: Trio Sonatas with members of The English Concert (1987)

Handel: Trio Sonatas with members of The English Concert (1985)

Rameau: Pièces de Clavecin en Concerts with Rachel Podger and Jonathan Manson, Channel Classics (2002)

Soler: Six Concertos for Two Keyboard Instruments (playing harpsichord and fortepiano) with Kenneth Gilbert (1979)

Wesley: Duet for Organ in C major with Simon Preston on his recording Early English Keyboard Music (1986)

The Punckes Delight and other seventeenth century English music for viol and keyboard (virginal and chamber organ) with Jordi Savall, Argo Records (1978)

（Orchestral works with The English Concert）：

By composer

C. P. E. Bach: 6 symphonies for strings, Wq.182 (1979)

C. P. E. Bach: flute concertos Wq.166 and Wq.167 (Stephen Preston, flute) (1980)

J. S. Bach: Brandenburg concertos (1982)

J. S. Bach: Brandenburg concertos with the European Brandenburg Ensemble, Avie (2006-2007)

J. S. Bach: Orchestral Suites nos. 1 & 3 (1978)

J. S. Bach: Orchestral Suite no. 2 and concerto for harpsichord, violin and flute BWV 1044 (Simon Standage, violin; Stephen Preston, flute) (1978)

J. S. Bach: Orchestral Suite no. 4 and Brandenburg concerto no. 5 (1979)

J. S. Bach: Orchestral Suites (Lisa Beznosiuk, flute) and cantata sinfonias BWV 110, 174, 249, 42, 52 (1993)

J. S. Bach: single and double violin concertos (Simon Standage, Elizabeth Wilcock, violins) (1983)

J. S. Bach: 3 concerti: concerto for oboe d’amore BWV 1055, concerto for oboe and violin BWV 1060 and concerto for harpsichord, violin and flute BWV 1044 (1984)

Boyce: 8 Symphonies, op.2 (1986)

Corelli: 12 concerti grossi op.6 (1988)

Fasch: Concertos and Orchestral Suite[(1995)

Handel: 6 concerti grossi op.3 (1984)

Handel: 12 concerti grossi op.6 (1985)

Handel: Water Music (1983)

Handel: Music for the Royal Fireworks and concerti a due cori nos.2 and 3 (no.1 is on Christmas Concertos) (1985)

Handel: Music for the Royal Fireworks (original version of 1749), concertos, occasional suite (1995)

Handel: Concerto grosso Alexander’s Feast HWV 318, sonata à cinque HWV 288, concertos for oboe HWV 287, 301, 302a (Simon Standage, violin; David Reichenberg, oboe) (1984)

Handel: Overtures from Samson, il pastor fido, Agrippina, Alceste, Saul and Teseo (1986)

Handel: Organ concertos op.4, op.7 and HWV 295, 296, 304 (Simon Preston, organ) (1984)

Handel: Coronation Anthems (with Simon Preston conducting the choir of Westminster Abbey) (1982)

Handel: Dettingen Te Deum, Dettingen Anthem (with Simon Preston conducting the choir of Westminster Abbey) (1984)

Handel: Ode for St. Cecilia’s Day (Felicity Lott, soprano; Anthony Rolfe-Johnson, tenor) (1985)

Handel: Italian cantatas: Silete venti HWV 242; Cecilia, vogli un sguardo HWV 89 (Jennifer Smith, soprano; John Elwes, tenor)

Handel: Messiah (Arleen Auger, soprano; Anne Sofie von Otter, contralto; Michael Chance, countertenor; Howard Crook, tenor; John Tomlinson, bass) (1988)

Handel: Belshazzar (1990)

Handel: Acis and Galatea in Mozart’s arrangement K.566 (1991)

Handel: Tamerlano (2001); CD: Avie records (live recording, London), DVD: Arthaus Musik (live recording, Halle)

Haydn: concertos for oboe, trumpet and harpsichord (Hob.XVIII:11) (Paul Goodwin, oboe; Mark Bennett, trumpet; Trevor Pinnock, harpsichord) (1985)

Haydn: violin concertos; Salomon: Romance for violin (Simon Standage, violin) (1989)

Haydn: Stabat mater (1990)

Haydn: missa in angustiis (Nelson mass), te deum (1987)

Haydn: missa sancti Nicolai, Theresienmesse (1993)

Haydn: symphonies le matin, le midi, le soir, (nos. 6, 7, 8) (1987)

Haydn: Sturm und Drang symphonies (nos. 26, 35, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 58, 59, 65) (1989-1991)

Mozart: complete symphonies (1992-1995)

Mozart: Krönungsmesse "Coronation Mass", Exsultate jubilate and Vesperae solennes de confessore (1994)

Purcell: Dido and Aeneas (1991)

Purcell: Timon of Athens and Dioclesian (1995)

Purcell: King Arthur (1991)

Purcell: Odes: Come, ye sons of art, away; Ode for St. Cecilia’s Day; Of old, when heroes thought it base (the Yorkshire feast song) (1989)

Purcell: choral works with the choir of Christ Church, Oxford, conducted by Simon Preston

Telemann: 3 Orchestral Suites for 3 oboes and bassoon TWV 55: C6 and B10, for 2 hunting horns TWV 55: D19 (1993)

Telemann: Suites, Concerto in D Major for 3 oboes & bassoon TWV 55: g4 and D1, for 3 trumpets TWV 54: D4 (1994)

Vivaldi: 12 concertos il cimento dell’armonia e dell’inventione op.8 (Simon Standage, violin); flute concerto RV 429, cello concerto RV 424; CRD records (1978)

Vivaldi: le quattro stagioni (Simon Standage, violin) (1982)

Vivaldi: 12 concertos for 1,2 and 4 violins l’estro Armonico op.3 (Simon Standage, Micaela Comberti, Elizabeth Wilcock, Miles Golding, violins) (1987)

Vivaldi: 12 concertos for violin la stravaganza op.4 (Simon Standage, violin) (1990)

Vivaldi: 7 concerti for woodwind and strings (1995)

Vivaldi: concerti alla rustica (1986)

Vivaldi: concerti l’amoroso (1987)

Vivaldi: 6 concerti for flute op.10 (Lisa Beznosiuk, flute) (1988)

Vivaldi: Gloria; A. Scarlatti: dixit dominus (1988)

Vivaldi: stabat mater, salve regina, nisi dominus (Michael Chance, countertenor); sinfonia for strings RV 169 (1995)

Collections

Christmas Concertos (1988)

Pachelbel: Canon and Gigue (1990)

A Grand Concert of Musick: English Baroque Concertos (1979)

Christmas in Rome: Vivaldi: Gloria; Corelli: Christmas Concerto; A. Scarlatti: O di Betlemme altera povertà (on video and CD) (1992)

Opera Arias by Mozart, Haydn and Gluck (Anne-Sofie von Otter, mezzo-soprano) (1995)

Oboe Concertos: C. P. E. Bach, Wq.165; Lebrun, no.1; Mozart, K.314. (Paul Goodwin, oboe) (1990)